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Fard
Fard is a religious duty prescribed by Allah. Often used interchangeably with waajib. If an act is fard, then doing it carries reward, but neglecting it is punishable in the next life.
Term Variants: Fard, Fardh, Farz
How this term should be used
Fard refers to any obligatory act prescribed by God such as the five daily prayers or fasting during the month of Ramadan.
Fard al-Ayn
Fard al-Ayn refers to those duties that must be performed by every individual Muslim. The five pillars (cf. Arkan al-Islam) are all Fard al-Ayn.
Fard al-Kifaya
Fard al-Kifaya describes a communal obligatory act. In other words, obligations which are fard al-kifaya are incumbent on the community as a whole and not on every individual Muslim. As long as the obligation is being fulfilled satisfactorily by some in the community, Muslims who are not involved in discharging it are freed from responsibility [1] . A good example for instance is the funeral prayer (salat ul-janazah), as long as at least some of the community gather to pray over the deceased, the obligation is discharged for the whole community. However, if no one carries out a fard al-kifaya act, then every individual Muslim is sinful.
